So heat energy required for ironmaking process is supplied by this coke and this is a source for carbon of hot metal. The oxygen converter utilizes oxygen as an oxidation source for reacting with other elements to convert iron into steel and increase the bath temperature. However, separating iron from other metals and collecting them may expose the course of reuse. Tech student, department of metallurgical and materials engineering, iit madras, chennai, 600036, india 2asst. Pulverised coal injection coal and the coke oven 6. Ironmaking and steelmaking has been clubbed as single subject and even in some institute the subject has lost its core subject status and offered as an elective only. There is a very detailed explanation of all the concepts, starting right from the basics. Main components of the slags are cao, sio 2, al 2 o 3, mgo, and iron oxides, and the compositions of slags depend on the process. Steel making carbon equivalent to a good approximation, the weldability of steel can be estimated from its chemical composition.
Iron fe is a relatively dense metal with a silvery white appearance and distinctive magnetic properties. Solidification of steel, casting processes and finishing operations. Academic materials for the economics and management of industrial systems study programme at the faculty of metallurgy and materials engineering. Ironmaking process an overview sciencedirect topics. Steelmaking slag is a byproduct produced in the process of refining the iron to steel in various furnaces shi, 2004. Lecture notes materials processing materials science. This was made in ancient time at lower temperature and it contains low carbon content. The steel industry of japan responded to this with an initiative course 50 or co2 ultimate reduction in steelmaking process by innovative technology for cool earth 50 and this was established and positioned as one of the innovative technology developments. First table showing potential release routes for prescribed substances and other. There will be two types of assessment in this course. It is crucial to quickly determine the total iron content in an ironbearing slag product for prompt and accurate quality control of the slag product. It is crucial to quickly determine the total iron content in an iron bearing slag product for prompt and accurate quality control of the slag product. Pdf fundamentals of steelmaking metallurgy chapter 1. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
It begins by tracing the history of iron and steel production, right from the earlier days to todays world of oxygen steelmaking, electric steelmaking, secondary steelmaking and continuous casting. Iron processing, use of a smelting process to turn the ore into a form from which products can be fashioned. The effects of other elements can be estimated by equating them to an additional amount of carbon. The first law of thermodynamics is based on the concept of conservation of energy. Modern electric furnace steelmaking a practical training. Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and or scrap. The program will explore the fundamentals of electric furnace steelmaking technology, the use of energy inputs, the steelmaking process, electrodes and environmental concerns for electric steelmaking. Ironmaking course 2018 brochure 01 mcmaster faculty of. Be able to understand basic layout of blast furnace, steelmaking shop and continuous casting process. The ironmaking process in the blast furnace is a heat and mass transfer process, and the furnace can be divided into different zones according to physical and chemical state of the feed and temperature. Lecture notes will be distributed at the beginning of the course. In 1988, iron age examined the prospects of iron and steelmaking, and the article quoted egil aukrust, the technical director of ltv steel, who saw an early end of the era of oxygen steelmaking as a new process in which bof and eaf get together for an in bath smelting reduction mcmanus, 1988b. For the following few thousand years, however, the quality of iron produced would depend as much on the. Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore andor scrap.
Corresponding to each temperature interval, typical reactions will take place. Iron and steel ironsteel slag is a byproduct of manufacturing ironsteel products. The development of steel can be traced back 4000 years to the beginning of the iron age. In steelmaking, impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and excess carbon most important impurity are removed from the sourced iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium, carbon and vanadium are added to produce different grades of steel. Iron objects of ornamentation were used even earlier. Presentations will provide data from steelmaking operations, and attendees will benefit from the practical experience of the presenters, including the application of the latest tools and techniques being used. The science and technology of steelmaking measurements. Steelmaking slags are usually processed to recover iron for recycling in the ironmaking and steelmaking process which replaces highcost purchased steel scrap and iron ores. The reaction forms a floating slag which can be skimmed off. Professor, department of metallurgical and materials engineering, iit madras, chennai, 600036, india abstract. Apr 16, 2016 the first suggestion i would like to give is watch nptel video lectures or read their transcripts which are available in the nptel website. Apr 18, 2017 steelmaking slags are usually processed to recover iron for recycling in the ironmaking and steelmaking process which replaces highcost purchased steel scrap and iron ores. Iwis 2014 international workshop on iron and steelmaking.
Iron fe is a relatively dense metal with a silvery white appearance and distinctive. Fast assessment of total iron contents in steelmaking. Iron and steel making processes are very complex in nature and we need. Currently, oxygen steelmaking accounts for 65% of worldwide crude steel production and is thus the predominant steelmaking process. Climate change in iron and steelmaking iron and steelmaking. A first course in iron and steelmaking by dipak mazumdar. Proving to be harder and stronger than bronze, which had previously been the most widely used metal, iron began to displace bronze in weaponry and tools. But on january 1, 19, the association was merged into the new york based institute. Secondary steelmaking refractories a practical training. Ironmaking and steelmaking metallurgical and materials. The hot metal should be converted into liquid steel.
Karimnagar and warangal, bisected by the course of the godaveri river. Search pdf document search engine after author, title or text with find pdf books. Download free pdf ebooks with ironmaking and steelmaking theory and practice. Steady state material and enthalpy balance in an iron blast furnace. The coke is of course the source of reduction of iron ore by providing carbon to iron ore and when it burns, and it also generates a lot of heat. Buy first course in iron and steel making book online at. When iron is reduced from iron ore, first it could be a solid state. Refractories are the class of thermally and chemically resistant substances used.
Once hot metal is produced from iron making plant, then this is to be tapped into torpedo car and delivered to the steelmaking plant. The authors experience in more than a dozen domestic steel and refractory industries has added flavour and value to the concepts presented in the book. Included in this article also is a discussion of the mining of iron and of its preparation for smelting. The most significant alloying element effecting weldability is carbon. Course 50 over the past decades, the japanese steel industry has achieved the worlds best level of energy efficiency through continuing effort in development and implementation of energy efficient and hence co2 reduction technologies. Introduction a neverending challenge to the competitiveness of the steel industry is the application of knowledge on the shop floor where, finally, productivity and quality are realized. That led to the founding of the american iron and steel institute in 1908, with elbert h. Buy first course in iron and steel making book online at low prices. Volume 47 2020 volume 46 2019 volume 45 2018 volume 44 2017 volume 43 2016 volume 42 2015 volume 41 2014 volume 40 20 volume 39. Iron making basics making iron is the first step in producing steel iron should be produced of consistent quality. Carbon and oxygen react in the steelmaking process to form a gas. Fundamentals of iron and steelmaking 39 equal to its heat of formation, but of opposite sign. The first suggestion i would like to give is watch nptel video lectures or read their transcripts which are available in the nptel website.
Then, we could mention the product iron and the product steel. Covers iron ore preparation, cokemaking, blast furnace operation, basic oxygen steelmaking, ladle furnace treatment, continuous casting of slab, the hot strip mill, hot band pickling, cold rolling and more. Definitions of the process technologies considered herein can be found elsewhere in these proceedings in the paper titled influence of ais chemistry on eaf steelmaking. Download free sample and get upto 48% off on mrprental. Conversely, of course, the lowest carbon material, which. Integrated steelmaking operations fall into three main phases. Ore reaches molten state and gets separated physically due to density from gangue and impurities. Data based modeling approach of iron and steelmaking processes. Steel making rolling process metallurgical aspects. Fast assessment of total iron contents in steelmaking slags. There have been tremendous improvements in iron and steelmaking.
Steelmaking is an extensive industry based on modifying the physical properties of iron to fit a wide range of applications by either adding alloying elements or removal of impurities. Steel is used to make machines, cars, tools, knives, and many other things. Aug 27, 2019 the development of steel can be traced back 4000 years to the beginning of the iron age. The earliest surviving iron artifacts, from the 4th millennium bc in egypt, were made from meteoritic ironnickel. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. It constitutes 5 percent by weight of the earths crust, and it is the.
A narrated description of the steelmaking process, from united states steel. International workshop on iron and steelmaking december 35, 2014 department of materials engineering indian institute of science, bangalore 560 012, india a cancellation fee would be applicable 20% of registration fee, if a request of it is made in writing before november 20, 2014. Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and alloys. From 1908 to 1912, the institute and the association functioned side by side. The author s experience in more than a dozen domestic steel and refractory industries has added flavour and value to the concepts presented in the book. In the case of japan, three types of slags, namely bf slag, bof slag, and eaf slag are mainly produced, which amount is shown in figure. Lecture notes mit opencourseware free online course materials. The organizing committee reserves the right to modify course material or to substitute lecturers without notice. Pdf desphosphorization in ironmaking and oxygen steelmaking.
Use of a blast furnace reduced the iron ore, and methods like puddling, the bessemer process, the. Theory and practice by ghosh, ahindra, chatterjee, amit pdf online. This course covers safety, the basics of electrical and mechanical features of electric arc furnaces, refractories, and the role of raw materials. This would remain so probably at least for the first quarter of the century despite speedy depletion of coking coal reserves enhanced adoption of alternate routes for iron making for ultimate conversion to steel. As the landscape of steelmaking began to develop, these reactions were understood and utilized to develop processing methods that produced high quality steel in large amounts. Department of energy h2 scale workshop august 1, 2018. An added advantage is that current iron and steelmaking process equipment will require little or no. This will be done in steelmaking plant and this will be discussed in next lesson. Refund request cannot be processed after this date. A first course in iron and steelmaking is a textbook catering to undergraduate metallurgical engineering students that fulfils all these criteria.
Typically steels have 95% or more iron with relatively small alloy additions. Desulfurization may be performed in the hot metal transfer torpedo car at a location between the blast furnace and. This is in contrary to the fact that india is going to be the second largest producer of crude steel in the world. What are some good resources for learning about steel. Harder the exact date at which people first discovered how to smelt iron ore and produce usable metal is not known. The first step includes broad evaluation of all available sitespecific. The modern technology of iron and steel production and possible. Principles, design and raw materials historical development and principles of the iron blast furnace john ricketts.
The water displacement test has been widely adopted in the slag. To develop computational and mathematical abilities to be applied for process design and control. Ironmaking and steelmaking slags are inevitably generated as a byproduct from ironmaking and steelmaking processes. Buy first course in iron and steel making book online at low. If the oxygen available for this reaction is not removed deoxidized prior to casting, the gaseous. Data based modeling approach to iron and steel making processes sachin santosh1, ajay kumar shukla2 1m. This authoritative account covers the entire spectrum from iron ore to finished steel.
Introduction to ironmaking and steelmaking course hero. The second principle is that discovered by hess 1840. The first metallurgical step is to reduce iron ore to metallic iron, a. Jan 30, 2009 a first course in iron and steelmaking is a textbook catering to undergraduate metallurgical engineering students that fulfils all these criteria. Open discussions will allow participants to gather additional. There are of course many other publications on this subject which. The physicochemical fundamental concepts of chemical equilibrium, activitycomposition relationships, and. Reference to most of the histories of the iron and steel. Development of iron making 5000 years ago meteorites were used as a source of iron.
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